Optical Fiber

Optical fiber or optical fiber in English is a thin and long string of a transparent material such as glass or plastic that can transmit light that enters it from one end to the other end. Optical fiber has a much higher bandwidth than ordinary cables, with optical fiber you can easily transfer image data, audio and other data with high bandwidth up to 10 Gbps and above. Today, optical fiber communication is one of the most important means of information transmission due to its wider bandwidth compared to copper cables and lower delay compared to satellite communication.

History of fiber optic manufacturing

The first people who thought of using light to transmit information in recent centuries, experienced the propagation of light in the earth’s atmosphere. However, the presence of various obstacles such as dust, smoke, snow, rain, fog, etc. made the propagation of optical information in the atmosphere a problem. Later, the use of tubes and channels to guide light was proposed. The light inside these channels was guided by mirrors and lenses, but since adjusting these mirrors and lenses was a very difficult task, this work was also found to be impractical and rejected.
Perhaps the first attempt in the evolution of the optical communication system was made by Alexander Graham Bell, who in 1880, just 4 years after the invention of the telephone, invented the optical telephone (photophone) or a system that transmitted sound to distances of several hundred meters. registered The optical telephone worked by modulating reflected sunlight by vibrating a mirror. The receiver was a photocell. In this method, light was emitted in the air, and therefore it was not possible to transmit information up to more than 200 meters. Because of this, although Bell’s device apparently worked, it was not a commercial success.